Grigory Rasputin - biography, information, personal life. Grigory Rasputin: biography, interesting facts Rasputin years of life

28.11.2020

Name: Rasputin Grigory Efimovich

State: the Russian Empire

Field of activity: Politics, religion

Greatest achievement: Became an advisor to the imperial family, had influence on Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova and through her on state policy

Grigory Efimovich Rasputin was born in 1869 in the West Siberian village of Pokrovskoye.

As a child, he had developmental problems, as a result of which he led an immoral lifestyle in his youth, violated the law.

Tired of this way of life, Rasputin turned to faith. He became a religious elder, an itinerant healer.

The people recognized a certain healing and divination gift in Rasputin, which once led to his acquaintance with the imperial family.

Rasputin was the only one who could cope with the symptoms of hemophilia, which tormented Tsarevich Alexei, which allowed the elder to be constantly at court, as well as to influence the decisions of the empress.

The activities of Rasputin and his influence on the royal family could not but cause protest from part of the top of the state, which subsequently led to the assassination of Rasputin by Felix Yusupov.

He was considered a miracle worker and anarchist: Grigory Rasputin was born into a farm family and came to the advisor of the Russian emperor's family. Not everyone appreciated his skyrocketing career. In 1916, Rasputin was the victim of a brutal murder.

On December 19, 1916, a man was found on the ice of the Neva River in St. Petersburg. His face was disfigured, his skull was dented, his right eye was gouged out. He was shot several times. However, this man was still alive and tried to remove the shackles. This almost dead man was Grigory Rasputin.

In their report, the police wrote that on the days of the funeral, many came to the banks of the Neva to scoop up water in buckets and glasses - with water there was the power of the dead, which could work miracles, as was believed at that time in Russia.

Rasputin's life

Grigory Efimovich Rasputin was born in 1869 in the West Siberian village of Pokrovskoye. He called himself the "Elder," the beggar. A religious preacher who never had a theological education. How this pious vagabond became one of the most influential figures in Russia, posthumously sung by the Boney M. song "Lover of the Russian Queen" is considered one of the most popular secrets of the 20th century.

The sources available today allow us to analyze his life in some detail, because almost all people in his environment wrote something about him: the Imperial family, his Jewish secretary, his murderers. Several years ago, Russian playwright and historian Edward Radzinsky made a valuable addition to The X-Files of Rasputin. Radzinsky obtained from an auction at Sotheby's (One of the oldest auction houses in the world) a carefully stitched 426-page material on Rasputin's death, published in 1917.

Provincial People's Prophet

Although assessments about Rasputin are very different - some noted black spots in the mouth, an unpleasant odor, others, on the contrary, admired his strong white teeth - in any case, it was undeniable how powerful the provincial people's prophet was. Rasputin was provided with offices, and even ministerial positions. He served the imperial family as a confessor, healer and advisor.

Some are inclined to believe that there was a romantic and even sexual relationship between Rasputin. But, in particular, Edward Radzinsky and other historians see no signs of a sexual relationship between the empress and Rasputin. In fact, he was not so close to the royal family and rarely visited the royal court. Nevertheless, on the eve of the revolution, the aristocracy returned to normal life, but they still found a potential "sinner" in the monk. The end of his life also marked the end of the imperial power in Russia. He was killed in December 1916. Literally two months later, a revolution began in the country.

In his Siberian village, Rasputin was considered a failure. His fellow villagers called him "Grishka the Fool". He stole a lot, drank everything that burns, led a very riotous lifestyle. But at some point, Rasputin decided to convert to faith and began to wander from one monastery to another.

At the end of 1903, Rasputin moved to St. Petersburg. There, the respected priest John of Kronstadt certified his faith, gave a parting word (since neither Rasputin's nor John's diaries have survived, it is not yet possible to find out reliable details of this meeting). Rasputin comes to the imperial court, where his healing abilities were very useful. He made a very strong impression on him.

The fact is that the son of Nicholas II suffered from hemophilia (low blood clotting). When in the fall of 1907 he was diagnosed with blood poisoning, the royal family summoned Rasputin. A wonderful healer blesses the room, reads prayers - and the boy is suddenly healed.

At least from that day on, Rasputin has been an irreplaceable person in the Tsar's court. The queen considers him a messenger of God.

But even after that, the anarchist Rasputin is clearly not happy with this power. He criticizes the king, attacks the nobility, advocates for a constitution and accuses the landlords of the fact that the farmers are deprived of education and land. In aristocratic circles, he is positioned as a plebeian.

Rasputin was a great favorite of women. The people were of the opinion that he led a rather riotous lifestyle and even accused him of immorality. Some even claimed that he collected a whole harem at home.

A lot of rumors began to form around Rasputin. The newspapers carried out entire campaigns against Rasputin, reporting on his alleged victims.

The assassination of Rasputin

Since the royal family ordered the protection of Rasputin, any attempts to kill him were stopped by the police. In November 1916, a controversy about the dubious elder began to rise in the State Duma. Right-wing deputies massively attack the Tsar and the "German Queen". Deputy Vladimir Purishkevich, known for his anti-Semitic views, argued that the country was ruled by "dark forces." "All this comes from Rasputin, it threatens the existence of the empire."

They also thought for a long time in court circles, including Prince Felix Yusupov and the young Grand Duke Dmitry. Together with Purishkevich, they developed a plan to assassinate Rasputin in December 1916.

Thus, Prince Yusupov invited Rasputin to his place to introduce him to his attractive wife. But, instead of the lady, there was an abundance of wine in the basement of the Yusupov palace. First, he was offered tea with eclairs, in which cyanide was diluted in advance. But this did not affect Rasputin's condition at all. Neither eclairs with potassium cyanide nor poisoned wine took it. Then Yusupov shot Rasputin. But despite this, after the shot, he woke up and tried to run away, but the killers caught up with him, tied him up and threw him off the bridge into the river. But even then, he was still alive. This is believed to be because when his body was found, there was neither cloth nor ropes on it.

“I am lost,” said the tsar after the news of Rasputin's death. Although, this bloody act showed discord in the Romanov family: Some family members demanded in their petition to recognize the murder as a patriotic act. On the whole, many responded positively to Rasputin's death. In the State Duma on this occasion, they staged a whole celebration.

Although the tsar refused, Yusupov, who later lived in peace in Paris, was banished to the estate. Later, Maria Rasputina, Grigory's daughter, wrote that her father was called a "spy", "holy devil" and "horse thief."

A Russian peasant who became famous for "divinations" and "healings" and had unlimited influence on the imperial family, Grigory Efimovich Rasputin was born on January 21 (January 9, old style), 1869 in the Ural village of Pokrovskoye, Tyumen district, Tobolsk province (now located in the Tyumen region ). In memory of Saint Gregory of Nyssa, the infant was baptized with the name Gregory. Father, Efim Rasputin, was engaged in a cab and was a village headman, mother - Anna Parshukova.

Gregory grew up as a sickly child. He did not receive an education, since there was no parochial school in the village, and he remained illiterate for the rest of his life - he wrote and read with great difficulty.

He began to work early, at first he helped herd livestock, went with his father in a cab, then took part in agricultural work, helped to harvest.

In 1893 (according to other sources in 1892) Gregory

Rasputin began to wander around the holy places. At first, the matter was limited to the nearest Siberian monasteries, and then he began to wander throughout Russia, having mastered its European part.

Later Rasputin made a pilgrimage to the Greek monastery of Athos (Athos) and Jerusalem. All these journeys he made on foot. After wandering, Rasputin invariably returned home for sowing and harvesting. Upon returning to his native village, Rasputin led the life of an "elder", but far from traditional asceticism. Rasputin's religious views were distinguished by their great originality and by no means coincided in everything with canonical Orthodoxy.

In his native places, he acquired a reputation as a seer and healer. According to numerous testimonies of his contemporaries, Rasputin did indeed possess the gift of healing to a certain extent. He successfully coped with various nervous disorders, relieved tics, stopped blood, easily relieved headaches, and banished insomnia. There is evidence that he possessed extraordinary power of suggestion.

In 1903, Grigory Rasputin visited St. Petersburg for the first time, and in 1905 he settled in it and soon attracted everyone's attention. The rumor of a "holy old man" who prophesies and heals the sick quickly reached the highest society. In a short time, Rasputin became a fashionable and famous person in the capital and became a part of high society drawing rooms. The Grand Duchesses Anastasia and Militsa Nikolaevna introduced him to the royal family. The first meeting with Rasputin took place in early November 1905 and left a very pleasant impression on the imperial couple. Then such meetings began to occur regularly.

The rapprochement of Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Feodorovna with Rasputin was of a deeply spiritual nature, in him they saw an elder who continued the traditions of Holy Russia, wise with spiritual experience, capable of giving good advice. He won even more trust of the royal family, helping a patient with hemophilia (incoagulability of blood) to the heir to the throne - Tsarevich Alexei.

At the request of the royal family, Rasputin was given a different surname by a special decree - New. According to legend, this word was one of the first words that the heir Alexei uttered when he began to speak. Seeing Rasputin, the baby shouted: "New! New!"

Using access to the tsar, Rasputin turned to him with requests, including those of a commercial nature. Receiving money for this from interested people, Rasputin immediately distributed part of it to the poor and peasants. He did not have clear political views, but firmly believed in the connection between the people and the monarch and the inadmissibility of war. In 1912, he opposed Russia's entry into the Balkan Wars.

In the Petersburg world there were many rumors about Rasputin and his influence on the government. From about 1910, an organized campaign in the press began against Grigory Rasputin. He was accused of horse-stealing, belonging to the Khlyst sect, debauchery, and drunkenness. Nicholas II expelled Rasputin several times, but then returned him to the capital at the insistence of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna.

In 1914, Rasputin was wounded by a religious fanatic.

Rasputin's opponents argue that the influence of the "elder" on Russian foreign and domestic policy was almost all-encompassing. During World War I, every appointment in the highest echelon of government services, as well as in the top of the church, passed through the hands of Grigory Rasputin. The empress consulted with him on all issues, and then persistently sought from her husband the state decisions she needed.

Authors who sympathize with Rasputin believe that he did not have any significant influence on the foreign and domestic policy of the empire, as well as on personnel appointments in the government, and that his influence was mainly related to the spiritual sphere, as well as to his miraculous ability to relieve suffering Tsarevich.

In court circles, they continued to hate the "elder", considering him guilty of the fall of the monarchy's authority. In the imperial environment, a conspiracy against Rasputin matured. Among the conspirators were Felix Yusupov (husband of the imperial niece), Vladimir Purishkevich (deputy of the State Duma) and Grand Duke Dmitry (cousin of Nicholas II).

On the night of December 30 (December 17, old style), 1916, Grigory Rasputin was invited to visit by Prince Yusupov, who served him poisoned wine. The poison did not work, and then the conspirators shot Rasputin and threw his body under the ice in a tributary of the Neva. When Rasputin's body was found a few days later, it turned out that he was still trying to breathe in the water and even freed one hand from the ropes.

At the insistence of the empress, Rasputin's body was buried near the chapel of the imperial palace in Tsarskoe Selo. After the February Revolution of 1917, the body was dug up and burned at the stake.

The trial of the murderers, whose act drew approval even in the circle of the emperor, did not take place.

Grigory Rasputin was married to Praskovya (Paraskeva) Dubrovina. The couple had three children: son Dmitry (1895-1933) and two daughters - Matryona (1898-1977) and Varvara (1900-1925). Dmitry was exiled to the north in 1930, where he died of dysentery. Both daughters of Rasputin studied in St. Petersburg (Petrograd) at the gymnasium. Varvara died of typhus in 1925. Matryona in 1917 married the officer Boris Solovyov (1893-1926). The couple had two daughters. The family emigrated first to Prague, then to Berlin and Paris. After the death of her husband, Matryona (who called herself Maria abroad) performed in dance cabarets. Later she moved to the USA, where she began to work as a tamer in a circus. After being wounded by a bear, she left this profession.

She died in Los Angeles (USA).

Matryona owns memories of Grigory Rasputin in French and German, published in Paris in 1925 and 1926, as well as short notes about her father in Russian in the emigre magazine Illustrated Russia (1932).

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

He began to work early, at first he helped herd livestock, went with his father in a cab, then took part in agricultural work, helped to harvest.

In 1893 (according to other sources in 1892) Gregory

In 1914, Rasputin was wounded by a religious fanatic.

The trial of the murderers, whose act drew approval even in the circle of the emperor, did not take place.

She died in Los Angeles (USA).

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources

Grigory Efimovich Rasputin (Novykh). Born on January 9 (21), 1869 - killed on December 17 (30), 1916. Peasant from the village of Pokrovskoye, Tobolsk province. He gained worldwide fame thanks to the fact that he was a friend of the family of the Russian Emperor Nicholas II.

In the 1900s, among certain circles of St. Petersburg society, he had a reputation as a "tsarist friend", "elder", a seer and a healer. The negative image of Rasputin was used in revolutionary, later in Soviet propaganda; there are still many rumors about Rasputin and his influence on the fate of the Russian Empire.

The ancestor of the Rasputin family was "Izosim Fyodorov son". The census book of the peasants of the village of Pokrovskoye for 1662 says that he and his wife and three sons - Semyon, Nason and Yevsey - had come to Pokrovskaya Sloboda twenty years earlier from the Yarensky district and "became arable land." Son Nason later received the nickname "Rosputa". All the Rosputins, who became Rasputins at the beginning of the 19th century, originated from him.

According to the yard census of 1858, there were more than thirty peasants in Pokrovskoye who bore the surname "Rasputin", including Efim, Grigory's father. The surname comes from the words "crossroads", "mudslides", "crossroads".

Grigory Rasputin was born on January 9 (21), 1869 in the village of Pokrovskoye, Tyumen district, Tobolsk province, in the family of the coachman Yefim Yakovlevich Rasputin (1841-1916) and Anna Vasilievna (1839-1906) (nee Parshukova).

Information about the date of birth of Rasputin is extremely contradictory. Sources report different dates of birth between 1864 and 1872. The historian K.F.Shatzillo in an article about Rasputin in the TSB reports that he was born in 1864-1865. Rasputin himself in his mature years did not add clarity, reporting conflicting information about the date of birth. According to biographers, he was inclined to exaggerate his true age in order to be more consistent with the image of the "old man."

At the same time, in the metric book of the Slobodo-Pokrovskaya Mother of God Church of the Tyumen District of the Tobolsk province in the first part "On the Born" there is a record of the birth on January 9, 1869 and an explanation: "Efim Yakovlevich Rasputin and his wife Anna Vasilievna of the Orthodox faith had a son, Grigory." He was baptized on January 10. The receivers (godparents) were uncle Matthew Yakovlevich Rasputin and the girl Agafya Ivanovna Alemasova. The baby received the name, according to the existing tradition, to name the baby after the saint on whose day he was born or baptized.

The day of the baptism of Grigory Rasputin - January 10, the day of the commemoration of the memory of St. Gregory of Nyssa.

I was sick a lot in my youth. After a pilgrimage to the Verkhoturye Monastery, he turned to religion.

Grigory Rasputin's growth: 193 centimeters.

In 1893 he traveled to the holy places of Russia, visited Mount Athos in Greece, then Jerusalem. I met and established contacts with many representatives of the clergy, monks, and pilgrims.

In 1900 he set off on a new journey to Kiev. On the way back, he lived in Kazan for a long time, where he met Father Mikhail, who was related to the Kazan Theological Academy.

In 1903 he came to St. Petersburg to visit the rector of the theological academy, Bishop Sergius (Stragorodsky). At the same time, the inspector of the St. Petersburg Theological Academy, Archimandrite Theophan (Bystrov), met Rasputin, introducing him also to Bishop Germogen (Dolganov).

By 1904, Rasputin had acquired from a part of the high society the fame of an "old man", a "holy fool" and "a man of God," which "consolidated the position of a" saint "in the eyes of the Petersburg world", or at least he was considered a "great ascetic."

Father Feofan told about the "wanderer" to the daughters of the Montenegrin prince (later king) Nikolai Njegos - Milica and Anastasia. The sisters told the empress about the new religious celebrity. Several years passed before he began to clearly stand out among the crowd of "God's people."

On November 1 (Tuesday), 1905, Rasputin's first personal meeting with the emperor took place. This event was honored with an entry in the diary of Nicholas II. Rasputin's references do not end there.

Rasputin gained influence on the imperial family, and above all on Alexandra Feodorovna, by helping her son, the heir to the throne, Alexei, to fight hemophilia, a disease in front of which medicine was powerless.

In December 1906, Rasputin submitted a petition to the highest name to change his last name to Rasputin-Novykh, referring to the fact that many of his fellow villagers bear the same surname, which may lead to misunderstandings. The petition was granted.

Grigory Rasputin. Healer at the throne

Accusation of "Khlystovism" (1903)

In 1903, his first persecution by the church began: the Tobolsk consistory received a report from the local priest Pyotr Ostroumov that Rasputin behaved strangely with women who came to him "from St. Petersburg itself", about their "Passions from which he relieves them ... in the bath", that in his youth Rasputin "from his life at the factories of the Perm province made an acquaintance with the teaching of the Khlystov heresy."

An investigator was sent to Pokrovskoye, but he did not find anything defamatory, and the case was filed in the archive.

On September 6, 1907, on a denunciation of 1903, the Tobolsk consistory opened a case against Rasputin, who was accused of spreading false teaching, similar to the Khlystov one, and forming a society of followers of his false teaching.

The initial investigation was carried out by Priest Nikodim Glukhovetsky. On the basis of the collected facts, Archpriest Dmitry Smirnov, a member of the Tobolsk Consistory, prepared a report to Bishop Anthony with the attachment of a review of the case under consideration by a specialist in sects D.M.Beryozkin, an inspector of the Tobolsk Theological Seminary.

D.M.Beryozkin, in his response to the conduct of the case, noted that the investigation was "By persons with little knowledge of the Khlysty"that only Rasputin's two-story residential building was searched, although it is known that the place where “It never fits in living quarters ... but always settles in the backyards - in baths, in sheds, in basements ... and even in dungeons ... Pictures and icons found in the house are not described, meanwhile they usually contain the solution to heresy ".

After that, Bishop Anthony of Tobolsk ordered an additional investigation of the case, entrusting it to an experienced anti-sectarian missionary.

As a result, the case "fell apart" and was approved as completed by Anthony (Karzhavin) on May 7, 1908.

Subsequently, the Chairman of the State Duma Rodzianko, who had taken the case from the Synod, reported that it soon disappeared, but then "The case of the Tobolsk spiritual consistory about the Khlysty of Grigory Rasputin" eventually found in the Tyumen archive.

In 1909, the police were going to expel Rasputin from St. Petersburg, but Rasputin got ahead of her and went for some time to his homeland in the village of Pokrovskoye.

In 1910, his daughters moved to Petersburg to live with Rasputin, whom he arranged to study at a gymnasium. By order of the Prime Minister, Rasputin was under surveillance for several days.

At the beginning of 1911, Bishop Theophanes invited the Holy Synod to officially express displeasure with the Empress Alexandra Feodorovna in connection with Rasputin's behavior, and a member of the Holy Synod, Metropolitan Anthony (Vadkovsky), reported to Nicholas II about the negative influence of Rasputin.

On December 16, 1911, Rasputin had a clash with Bishop Hermogenes and Hieromonk Iliodor. Bishop Hermogenes, who acted in alliance with Hieromonk Iliodor (Trufanov), invited Rasputin to his courtyard, on Vasilievsky Island, in the presence of Iliodor, "denounced" him by striking him with a cross several times. An argument ensued between them, and then a fight.

In 1911, Rasputin voluntarily left the capital and made a pilgrimage to Jerusalem.

By order of the Minister of Internal Affairs Makarov on January 23, 1912, Rasputin was again placed under surveillance, which continued until his death.

The second case of "Khlystovism" (1912)

In January 1912, the Duma declared its attitude to Rasputin, and in February 1912 Nicholas II ordered VK Sabler to reopen the case of the Holy Synod about Rasputin's “Khlysty” case and to hand over for Rodzianko's report, “and the palace commandant Dedyulin gave to him the Case of the Tobolsk Spiritual Consistory, which contained the beginning of the Investigative Proceedings on the accusation of Rasputin of belonging to the Khlyst sect.

On February 26, 1912, at an audience, Rodzianko suggested that the tsar expel the peasant forever. Archbishop Anthony (Khrapovitsky) openly wrote that Rasputin is a whip and participates in the zeal.

The new (who replaced Eusebius (Grozdov) Tobolsk Bishop Alexy (Molchanov) personally took up this case, studied the materials, requested information from the clergyman of the Intercession Church, repeatedly talked with Rasputin himself. As a result of this new investigation, the conclusion of the Tobolsk spiritual consistory, sent to many high-ranking officials and some deputies of the State Duma. In the conclusion Rasputin-Novyi was called “a Christian, a man spiritually inclined and seeking the truth of Christ.” No official accusations over Rasputin no longer weighed down. But this did not mean that everyone believed in results of a new investigation.

Prophecies of Rasputin

During his lifetime, Rasputin published two books: The Life of an Experienced Wanderer (1907) and My Thoughts and Reflections (1915).

In his prophecies, Rasputin speaks of "God's punishment", "bitter water", "tears of the sun", "poisonous rains" "until the end of our century."

The deserts will advance, and the earth will be inhabited by monsters that will not be humans or animals. Thanks to "human alchemy" there will be flying frogs, kite butterflies, crawling bees, huge mice and no less huge ants, as well as the "kobaka" monster. Two princes from the West and the East will challenge the right to world domination. They will have a battle in the land of four demons, but the western prince Grayug will defeat his eastern enemy Blizzard, but he himself will fall. After these misfortunes, people will again turn to God and enter the “earthly paradise”.

The most famous was the prediction of the death of the Imperial House: "As long as I live, the dynasty will live".

Some authors believe that Rasputin is mentioned in the letters of Alexandra Fedorovna to Nicholas II. In the letters themselves, Rasputin's surname is not mentioned, but some authors believe that Rasputin in letters is designated by the words "Friend", or "He" with capital letters, although this has no documentary evidence. The letters were published in the USSR by 1927, and by the Berlin publishing house "Slovo" in 1922.

The correspondence has been preserved in the State Archives of the Russian Federation - Novoromanovsky archive.

Grigory Rasputin with the empress and the royal children

In 1912, Rasputin dissuaded the emperor from interfering in the Balkan War, which postponed the outbreak of the First World War by 2 years.

In 1915, anticipating the February Revolution, Rasputin demanded an improvement in the supply of bread to the capital.

In 1916, Rasputin decisively spoke out in favor of Russia's withdrawal from the war, the conclusion of peace with Germany, the renunciation of the rights to Poland and the Baltic States, and also against the Russian-British alliance.

Press campaign against Rasputin

In 1910, the writer Mikhail Novosyolov published several critical articles about Rasputin in Moskovskiye Vedomosti (No. 49 - "Spiritual guest performer Grigory Rasputin", No. 72 - "Something else about Grigory Rasputin").

In 1912, Novosyolov published a brochure "Grigory Rasputin and mystical debauchery" in his publishing house, which accused Rasputin of Khlysty and criticized the higher church hierarchy. The brochure was banned and confiscated from the printing house. The Voice of Moscow newspaper was fined for publishing excerpts from it.

After that, the State Duma received a request to the Ministry of Internal Affairs about the legality of punishing the editors of Voice of Moscow and Novoye Vremya.

In the same year 1912, Rasputin's acquaintance, former hieromonk Iliodor, began distributing several letters of scandalous content from Empress Alexandra Feodorovna and the Grand Duchesses to Rasputin.

Copies, printed on a hectograph, went around St. Petersburg. Most researchers consider these letters to be fake. Later, on the advice of Iliodor, he wrote the libelous book "Holy Devil" about Rasputin, which was published in 1917 during the revolution.

In 1913-1914, the Masonic Supreme Soviet of the VVNR made an attempt to campaign for the role of Rasputin at court.

Somewhat later, the Council made an attempt to publish a brochure directed against Rasputin, and when this attempt failed (the brochure was seized by the censorship), the Council took steps to distribute this brochure in a typewritten form.

Khioniya Guseva's assassination attempt on Rasputin

In 1914, an anti-Rasputin conspiracy matured, headed by Nikolai Nikolaevich and Rodzianko.

On June 29 (July 12), 1914, an attempt was made on Rasputin in the village of Pokrovskoye. He was stabbed in the stomach and severely wounded by Khioniya Guseva, who had arrived from Tsaritsyn.

Rasputin revealed that he suspects of organizing the assassination attempt of Iliodor, but could not provide any evidence of this.

On July 3, Rasputin was transported by steamer to Tyumen for treatment. In the Tyumen hospital Rasputin remained until August 17, 1914. The investigation into the assassination attempt lasted about a year.

Gusev in July 1915 was declared mentally ill and released from criminal liability, placed in a psychiatric hospital in Tomsk. On March 27, 1917, on the personal instructions of A.F. Kerensky, Guseva was released.

The assassination of Rasputin

Rasputin was killed on the night of December 17, 1916 (December 30, new style) at the Yusupovs' palace on the Moika. Conspirators: F.F.Yusupov, V. M. Purishkevich, grand Duke Dmitry Pavlovich, MI6 British intelligence officer Oswald Reiner.

The information about the murder is contradictory, it was confused both by the killers themselves and by the pressure on the investigation of the Russian imperial and British authorities.

Yusupov changed his testimony several times: in the St. Petersburg police on December 18, 1916, in exile in the Crimea in 1917, in a 1927 book, sworn in 1934 and 1965.

Starting from naming the wrong color of the clothes that Rasputin was wearing according to the killers' version and in which he was found, to how many and where bullets were fired.

For example, forensic experts found three wounds, each of which is fatal: in the head, in the liver and in the kidney. (According to British researchers who studied the photograph, the shot was made head-on with a British Webley 455 revolver.)

After a shot in the liver, a person can live no more than 20 minutes and is not able, as the killers said, to run down the street after half an hour or an hour. There was also no shot in the heart, which the killers unanimously claimed.

Rasputin was first lured into the basement, treated with red wine and a pie poisoned with cyanide potassium. Yusupov went upstairs and, returning, shot him in the back, causing him to fall. The conspirators went out into the street. Yusupov, who returned for the cloak, checked the body, unexpectedly Rasputin woke up and tried to strangle the killer.

The conspirators who ran in at that moment began to shoot at Rasputin. When they approached, they were surprised that he was still alive and began to beat him. According to the murderers, the poisoned and executed Rasputin came to his senses, got out of the basement and tried to climb the high wall of the garden, but was caught by the murderers, who heard the barking of a dog. Then they tied him hand and foot with ropes (according to Purishkevich, first wrapping him in blue cloth), took him by car to a pre-selected place near Kamenny Island and threw him off the bridge into the wormwood of the Neva in such a way that the body was under the ice. However, according to the materials of the investigation, the discovered corpse was dressed in a fur coat, there was neither cloth nor ropes.

The corpse of Grigory Rasputin

The investigation into the murder of Rasputin, which was led by the director of the Police Department, A. T. Vasiliev, progressed rather quickly. The very first interrogations of Rasputin's family members and servants showed that on the night of the murder Rasputin went to visit Prince Yusupov. Policeman Vlasyuk, who was on duty on the night of December 16-17 on a street near the Yusupov palace, testified that he had heard several shots at night. During a search in the courtyard of the Yusupovs' house, traces of blood were found.

On the afternoon of December 17, passers-by noticed blood stains on the parapet of the Petrovsky bridge. After divers explored the Neva, Rasputin's body was found in this place. The forensic medical examination was entrusted to the well-known professor of the Military Medical Academy DP Kosorotov. The original autopsy report has not survived, and the causes of death can only be speculated.

The conclusion of the forensic expert professor D.N. Kosorotova:

“During the autopsy, very numerous injuries were found, of which many were already inflicted posthumously. The entire right side of the head was crushed, flattened as a result of the contusion of the corpse when it fell from the bridge. Death followed from profuse bleeding from a gunshot wound to the abdomen. The shot was fired, in my opinion, almost at point-blank range, from left to right, through the stomach and liver with the fragmentation of the latter in the right half. The bleeding was profuse. On the corpse there was also a gunshot wound in the back, in the spine, with the fragmentation of the right kidney, and another point-blank wound, in the forehead, probably already dying or dead. The chest organs were intact and superficially examined, but there were no signs of death from drowning. The lungs were not distended, and there was no water or foamy fluid in the airways. Rasputin was thrown into the water already dead. "

No poison was found in Rasputin's stomach. A possible explanation for this is that the cyanide in the cakes was neutralized by sugar or heat when baked in the oven.

His daughter reports that after the assassination attempt, Guseva Rasputin suffered from high acidity and avoided sweet foods. It is reported that he was poisoned with a dose that could kill 5 people.

Some modern researchers suggest that there was no poison - this is a lie to confuse the investigation.

There are a number of nuances in determining the involvement of O. Reiner. At that time, there were two MI6 British intelligence officers in St. Petersburg who could have committed the murder: Yusupov's friend from University College (Oxford) Oswald Reiner and Captain Stephen Alley, who was born in the Yusupov Palace. The former was suspected, and Tsar Nicholas II directly mentioned that the killer was Yusupov's college friend.

In 1919, Reiner was awarded the Order of the British Empire and destroyed his papers before his death in 1961.

The Compton chauffeur's journal records that he brought Oswald to Yusupov (and to another officer, Captain John Scale) a week before the murder, and the last time on the day of the murder. Compton also directly hinted at Rayner, reporting that the killer is a lawyer and was born in the same city with him.

There is a letter Alley wrote to Scale on January 7, 1917, eight days after the assassination: "Although not everything went according to plan, our goal was achieved ... Reiner is covering his tracks and will undoubtedly contact you ..."... According to modern British researchers, the order to three British agents (Rainer, Alley and Scale) to eliminate Rasputin came from Mansfield Smith-Cumming (the first director of MI6).

The investigation lasted two and a half months until the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II on March 2, 1917. On that day, Kerensky became the Minister of Justice in the Provisional Government. On March 4, 1917, he ordered to hastily terminate the investigation, while the investigator A. T. Vasiliev was arrested and transferred to the Peter and Paul Fortress, where he was interrogated by the Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry until September, and later emigrated.

In 2004, the BBC showed a documentary "Who Killed Rasputin?", which brought new attention to the murder investigation. According to the version shown in the film, the "glory" and the plot of this murder belongs to Great Britain, the Russian conspirators were only executors, a control shot in the forehead was fired from a Webley 455 revolver of British officers.

Who killed Grigory Rasputin

According to the researchers who published the books, Rasputin was killed with the active participation of the British intelligence service Mi-6, the killers confused the investigation in order to hide the British trail. The motive of the conspiracy was the following: Great Britain feared Rasputin's influence on the Russian empress, which threatened to conclude a separate peace with Germany. To eliminate the threat, a conspiracy against Rasputin that was ripening in Russia was used.

Bishop Isidor (Kolokolov), who was well acquainted with him, performed the funeral service for Rasputin. In his memoirs A.I.Spiridovich recalls that Bishop Isidore served the funeral mass (which he had no right to do).

At first they wanted to bury the victim in his homeland, in the village of Pokrovskoye. But due to the danger of possible unrest in connection with the sending of the body across half the country, they were interred in the Alexander Park of Tsarskoye Selo on the territory of the temple of Seraphim of Sarov being built by Anna Vyrubova.

MV Rodzianko writes that rumors circulated in the Duma during the celebrations about Rasputin's return to St. Petersburg. In January 1917, Mikhail Vladimirovich received a paper with many signatures from Tsaritsyn with the message that Rasputin was visiting VK Sabler, that Tsaritsynians knew about Rasputin's arrival in the capital.

After the February Revolution, Rasputin's burial was found, and Kerensky ordered Kornilov to organize the destruction of the body. For several days, the coffin with the remains stood in a special carriage. Rasputin's body was burned on the night of March 11 in the furnace of the steam boiler at the Polytechnic Institute. An official act was drawn up on the burning of Rasputin's corpse.

Personal life of Grigory Rasputin:

In 1890 he married Praskovya Fedorovna Dubrovina, the same pilgrim-peasant woman, who bore him three children: Matryona, Varvara and Dimitriya.

Grigory Rasputin with his children

In 1914, Rasputin settled in an apartment at 64 Gorokhovaya Street in St. Petersburg.

Various gloomy rumors began to spread around St. Petersburg about this apartment rather quickly, they say, Rasputin turned it into a brothel and uses it to conduct his "orgies". Some said that Rasputin maintains a permanent “harem” there, others collect it from time to time. There was a rumor that the apartment on Gorokhovaya was used for witchcraft, etc.

From the testimony of Tatyana Leonidovna Grigorova-Rudykovskaya:

"... Once Aunt Agn. Fed. Hartman (my mother's sister) asked me if I wanted to see Rasputin closer. ... Having received the address on Pushkinskaya Street, on the appointed day and hour, I appeared at the apartment of Maria Alexandrovna Nikitina, my aunt Entering the small dining room, I found everyone already assembled. At the oval table served for tea, there were 6-7 young interesting ladies. I knew two of them by sight (we met in the halls of the Winter Palace, where Alexandra Fedorovna sewing linen to the wounded.) All of them were in the same circle and in an undertone talked animatedly among themselves. Having made a general bow in English, I sat down next to the hostess at the samovar and talked with her.

Suddenly there was a general sigh - Ah! I looked up and saw in the doorway, located on the opposite side from where I entered, a mighty figure - the first impression - a gypsy. A tall, powerful figure was hugged by a white Russian shirt with embroidery on the collar and fastener, a twisted belt with tassels, black trousers and Russian boots. But there was nothing Russian in it. Black thick hair, a large black beard, a swarthy face with predatory nose nostrils and some ironic and mocking smile on the lips - a face, of course, spectacular, but somewhat unpleasant. The first thing that attracted attention was his eyes: black, red-hot, they burned, piercing through, and his gaze at you was felt simply physically, you could not remain calm. It seems to me that he really had a hypnotic power that subdues himself when he wanted it ...

Here everyone knew him, vying with each other to please, to attract attention. He casually sat down at the table, addressed each one by name and “you”, spoke boldly, sometimes vulgarly and rudely, beckoned to him, sat down on his knees, groped, stroked, patted the soft places and all the “happy” were thrilled ! It was disgusting and offensive to look at this for women who are humiliated, who have lost both their feminine dignity and family honor. I felt the blood rush to my face, I wanted to scream, bang my fist, do something. I was sitting almost opposite the "distinguished guest", he perfectly felt my condition and, laughing mockingly, every time after another attack he stubbornly stuck his eyes into me. I was a new object unknown to him ...

Impudently addressing one of those present, he said: “Do you see? Who embroidered the shirt? Sasha! " (meaning Empress Alexandra Feodorovna). No decent man would ever betray the secret of a woman's feelings. My eyes darkened with tension, and Rasputin's gaze drilled and drilled unbearably. I moved closer to the hostess, trying to hide behind the samovar. Maria Alexandrovna looked at me anxiously ...

“Mashenka,” a voice said, “would you like some jam? Come to me. " Mashenka hastily jumps up and hurries to the place of call. Rasputin throws one leg over the other, takes a spoonful of jam and throws it over the toe of his boot. "Lizhi" - a voice sounds imperiously, she kneels down and, bowing her head, licks the jam ... I could not stand it any longer. Squeezing the mistress's hand, she jumped up and ran into the hallway. I don’t remember how I put on my hat, how I ran down the Nevsky. I came to at the Admiralty, I had to go home to Petrogradskaya. I bellowed at midnight and asked me never to ask me what I saw and I myself did not remember this hour either with my mother or my aunt, and I did not see Maria Alexandrovna Nikitina either. Since then I could not calmly hear the name of Rasputin and have lost all respect for our "secular" ladies. Once, while visiting De Lazari, I went to the phone and heard the voice of this scoundrel. But she immediately said that I know who is speaking, and therefore I do not want to talk ... "

The provisional government conducted a special investigation into the Rasputin case. According to one of the participants in this investigation, V.M. Rudnev, who was sent by order of Kerensky to the "Extraordinary Commission of Inquiry to Investigate the Abuses of Former Ministers, Chief Governors and Other High Officials" and the then Deputy Prosecutor of the Yekaterinoslav District Court: "The richest material for coverage from this side of his personality turned out to be in the data of the very covert observation of him, which was conducted by the security department; at the same time it turned out that Rasputin's amorous adventures did not go beyond the framework of night orgies with girls of easy virtue and chanson singers, and also sometimes with some of his petitioners ".

Matryona's daughter in her book “Rasputin. Why?" wrote:

"... that for all his life, his father never misused his power and ability to influence women in the carnal sense. However, it must be understood that this part of the relationship was of particular interest to the father's ill-wishers. Note that they received some real food for their stories. ".

Rasputin's daughter Matryon after the revolution emigrated to France, and later moved to the United States.

The rest of the Rasputin family members were subjected to repression by the Soviet government.

In 1922 his widow Praskovya Fyodorovna, son Dmitry and daughter Varvara were deprived of voting rights as "malicious elements." Even earlier, in 1920, the house and the entire peasant economy of Dmitry Grigorievich were nationalized.

In the 1930s, all three were arrested by the NKVD, and their trail was lost in the special settlements of the Tyumen North.

Only Ivan the Terrible can compare with the contradictory assessment of the personality of Grigory Rasputin in Russian history. Grigory Rasputin, biography, interesting facts from whose life attract a large number of researchers. There is still no scientific explanation for much that this man could do. about his life are not documented or deliberately falsified.

Grigory Rasputin-Novykh before meeting with the family of Nicholas II

Born into the family of a wealthy peasant in the village of Pokrovskoye, Tobolsk (now Tyumen) province, who owned a mill. Various researchers consider the year of birth G. Novykh (Rasputin) 1864, 1865, 1969, 1871, 1872. The date of birth is considered 1.10, 23 January and 29 July.

It is believed that Rasputin received the nickname because of his dissolute (immoral) behavior. It would be strange for a person awarded such a contemptuous nickname to use it as a surname. Rasputin is the son of Rasputin (Rasputin is an indecisive, insecure person).

"Crossroads" in Russian is a "crossroads". According to Grigory Efimovich himself, his entire native village had the surname Rasputin - living at a crossroads. Only after walking to holy places, he took the Novy prefix for himself in order to distinguish himself from his fellow villagers. Pokrovskoe - from the Church of the Intercession, which was in the village.

In childhood, he did not differ in good health. He was strengthened by peasant labor - he had to plow, work as a coachman, fish, and walk with carts.

Rasputin Grigory Efimovich - interesting facts from life:

At the age of 18, he gave up peasant labor and went as a pilgrim to the monasteries of Siberia to the Verkhoturinsk monastery in the Perm province.
In 1890 he married a pilgrim - a peasant woman.
In 1893 he went to the Athos monastery in Greece and to Jerusalem.
After visiting holy places, he became famous for his ability to heal and predict the future.
He possessed the innate abilities of a hypnotist, spoke wounds, could turn any objects into talismans.
He was a devout Christian, but did not always agree with canonical dogmas. For him, the connection between nature and God was perfect, he argued that one can pray both in a monastery and in a dance.

According to G.E.Rasputin himself, he came to St. Petersburg in 1905 at the call of the Mother of God to help Tsarevich Alexei, a hemophiliac.

Grigory Rasputin after meeting the family of Nicholas II

In 1907, he was called to the imperial court to treat the heir during one of the worst attacks. With prayers he stopped the bleeding and was left with the heir as a doctor.

Gradually, he acquired influential acquaintances, became a confessor and adviser to the queen, who called him “dear friend,” “elder,” a man of God and considered him a saint. He spoke familiarly with the royal couple, expressed his opinions directly, without flattery and worship. They believed that they heard the voice of the people. He gave advice to the tsar on pressing problems of state administration and personnel issues.

He was repeatedly tested at different levels of the life path of the "elder" - no one would let a horse thief, a thief and a rapist near the king and heir. P.A.Stolypin was the initiator of one of the checks. Even the all-powerful prime minister with his administrative apparatus could not find a crime in Rasputin's past life. None of the checks revealed anything that could discredit the "elder".

Such was Grigory Efimovich Rasputin with those in power, interesting facts from life are that in everyday life he preferred the Spartan way of life. He didn’t strive for luxury, didn’t save money and parted with it easily, as every Russian liked to play around and “show off”.

The stronger the influence of the simple peasant Rasputin on the family of the emperor and his entourage became, the more indignation it aroused in the upper strata of society that were removed from the tsar.

Newspapers played a huge role in the appearance of a negative negative opinion, in which everything was obviously done on the order of someone who really needed it. It was the press that formed the opinion about the riotous lifestyle in the form of constant drunkenness, partying, and debauchery.

The "elder" was also accused of the fact that he is engaged in the treatment of people without special education. Moreover, few people attached importance to the fact that Rasputin treated more successfully than many certified doctors.

Very often, his influence on officials and nobles was explained by relationships with their women - wives, daughters, etc. The influence of Rasputin on the emperor is credited with leapfrog with the appointment of high officials.

The most immoral accusation was the confidence of the press in the sexual relationship between Rasputin and the queen.

Most likely, the "elder" was not absolutely saint in relations with women, but he was hardly that sexual monster, to the description of which everyone is used to.

An indirect confirmation of Rasputin's sexual restraint can be the story of the examination, which, after the October coup, the Cheka conducted at one of his first secular "mistresses" - the maid of honor of the Empress Vyrubova. She herself demanded this, as a result of which it was confirmed that Vyrubova was a virgin (strange, because she was married, though unhappy).

Rasputin found cleansing from sins in repentance and hours of prayer.

At the end of June 1914, an attempt was made on Rasputin's life, as a result of which he was wounded in the stomach. From the village of Pokrovskoye, where he was receiving treatment, he wrote letters to the emperor, in which he conjured him against entering the war, predicting an otherwise blood-drenched empire and the collapse of the dynasty.

A few days before the death of the "elder" the emperor was given 16 pages written by Grigory Rasputin, interesting facts from the life of the future were presented with prophetic confidence. For many years, the original text was kept in the archives of the USSR - Russian special services. Among the predictions were the following:

the imperial family will perish if Rasputin is killed by aristocrats; if the murderers are from the lower strata of society, nothing threatens the imperial family;
in Russia in 1917 there will be several coups. The royal family will perish in a city far from the capital;
a socialist revolution will take place in Russia, but the Bolshevik regime will fall;
a strong leader will emerge in Germany after the defeat in the First World War;
another empire will arise on the basis of the Russian Empire;
Russia will defeat Germany in the next war;
man's exploration of the Cosmos and the landing of man on the moon;
proof of the possibility of reincarnation by European scientists, which will give impetus to a wave of suicides;
the appearance of Lucifer and the approach of the end of the world;
the leak of a deadly virus from secret US laboratories (possibly AIDS or another strain of flu);
poisoning by people of water, earth and sky, which will lead to the wide spread of numerous ailments and deaths of people;
abrupt climate changes due to deforestation, dam construction, destruction of mountain ranges;
man-made disasters such as nuclear power plant accidents will occur;
during one of the storms (geomagnetic, solar or climatic), Jesus Christ will return to people to help them and warn about the end of the world;
a huge animal will emerge from a lake (Loch Ness?) in Scotland, but will be destroyed;
islamic fundamentalism will develop, which will declare war on the United States, and it will last 7 years;
the fall of morality and ethics, human cloning;
there will be a third world war, after which peace will come.

On December 30, 1916, G.E. Rasputin was found under the ice of Malaya Moika. According to the official version, the murder was committed by representatives of high society. Among the assassins were members of the emperor's family. At first, they tried to poison Rasputin with potassium cyanide, then they shot twice in the back. They put a bag on the body, tied it up and lowered it into the hole. An autopsy revealed that the "elder" tried to breathe under water and died as a result of drowning.

But there is nothing in the official autopsy report about a control shot in the forehead, the trace of which is clearly visible on the surviving photographs in the archives of the British special services.

The UK had a reason. Rasputin persuaded the Russian emperor to make a separate peace with Germany, which could not please the Russian allies in the First World War.

The century that passed after the death of G.E.Rasputin did not so much clarify who he really was as confused knowledge about his life. Grigory Rasputin, biography, from life in many respects remain a mystery in our time. It just so happened - the more significant a person is for the Slavic world, the more mud he gets. Will we know for sure who he was? A magician, sorcerer, sorcerer, psychic, villain or holy defender of the Russian land?

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